3. Although essential oils are widely distributed by nature, they appear only in low concentrations. Even if the plant is situated in a near perfect environment not subjected to any of these trials, it may have to compete with other plants. Plants that produce these essential oils are better equipped to protect themselves against funguses and other microbes. But we never think of that why do plants produce them; what is in it for the plant? The term aromatic plant describes a plant known for one or more EOs. Much like us, some other animal species ‘enjoy’ the fragrances given off by flowers. Even if the plant is situated in a near perfect environment not subjected to any of these trials, it may have to compete with other plants. Widely used in cosmetics and perfumes, they also have medicinal applications due to their therapeutic properties as well as agro-alimentary uses because of their antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. Studies in vivo and clinical trials are needed to evaluate the potential of these essential oils as antibiotic substitutes or as interveners in this type of treatment. EOs have taste and odor because they contain volatile aroma-active compounds (i.e., molecules that elicit a distinctive taste and smell). Essential oils (EOs) are pure or partly purified mixtures of lipophilic substances, usually obtained as a liquid from a named plant part. The chemical characteristics of the compounds and the system temperature govern the solubility of the compounds of the EOs in water. R.P.W. Others can be concentrated to create water soluble extracts such as cucumber or green tea. Protection – Plants produce essential oils to protect themselves against bacteria or fungi. Attraction / Repellent – Plants release aroma (essential oils) to attract pollinators or repel insects. Essential oils (EO) are complex aromatic substances derived from plants that are mainly composed of terpenes and other compounds, namely aldehydes, fatty acids, phenols, ketones, esters, alcohols, nitrogen and sulphur compounds (reviewed by Ippolito et al., 2005). M.L. All rights reserved. Communication – Plants release oils to communication with each other. After the fall of the Egyptian empire, the ancient Greeks assumed much of the Egyptian knowledge and essential oils were employed by Hippocrates in aromatherapy. Modes of action of essential oils vary include neurotoxicity, regulation of insect growth, deterioration of the waxy layers of the insect cuticle, impeding digestive enzymes, and inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase. This technique was subsequently used with great success in treating soldiers wounded in the First World War. There are about 400 plant species which are cultivated on a large commercial scale for production of essential oils. Aguilar, in, Encyclopedia of Analytical Science (Second Edition), Essential Oils for Arthropod Pest Management in Agricultural Production Systems, Effect of Essential Oils on Organoleptic (Smell, Taste, and Texture) Properties of Food, Handbook of Herbs and Spices (Second Edition), Volume 1, Biopreservatives as Agents to Prevent Food Spoilage, Emma Mani-López, ... Aurelio López-Malo, in, Microbial Contamination and Food Degradation, Essential Oils as Flavors in Carbonated Cola and Citrus Soft Drinks, Sunday J. Ameh, Obiageri Obodozie-Ofoegbu, in, Nanoencapsulation of flavors and aromas by emerging technologies, Juan Felipe Osorio-Tobón, ... M. Angela A. Meireles, in.

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