According to Confederate Chief of Ordnance Josiah Gorgas’s February 3, 1863 summary of imported arms, some 70,980 “Long Enfield Rifles” were purchased from the beginning of the war through the end of 1862. Bond, 5,500 from Parker, Field & Co and 500 from James Kerr. Has original brass nose cap. Of all the British arms, the Pattern 1853 rifle-musket is perhaps the best known and regarded longarm. Viewer marks and proof marks (“25”) are lightly visible on the barrel’s left breech area amid the pitting. The action of the gun is mechanically fine and functions crisply on all positions. Not unlike most military equipment, changes were necessary almost from the first issuance of the rifle. The lock is crisply marked, forward of the hammer, and with the usual British Crown to the rear of the hammer. Rose, Sarah. The protector is in very good condition and while a nice, original accessory; it is probably not original to the gun. This became the Pattern 1858. The 1853 Enfield rifle was used in the Filibuster War exclusively by the Costa Rican army, beginning with the Battle of Santa Rosa and the Second Battle of Rivas in March and April 1856.[6]. Most lock dates will fall between 1861 and 1864. Not unlike most military equipment, changes were necessary almost from the first issuance of the rifle. The arms manufactured for the Confederacy are classified as commercial arms and do not bear the standard British military proof marks. At this time, the inspection mark reverts to master viewer John Southgate’s initial “S” and the Birmingham assay office “anchor” mark. Examiners' marks are a crown over B and a number. The cone (nipple) has been replaced with a modern one, probably because the original cone was so badly battered. Hill” had anything to do with the Civil War and were likely the sons or grandsons of the man who carried the musket. Print. The stock is in about FINE overall condition. The original ramrod, remains in the channel under the barrel. This gun was clearly a very early arrival in the Confederacy that was likely on the field well before the beginning of the 1862 spring and summer campaign seasons. A sixth single letter mark, P has been noted on extant Confederate Enfields from this contract. A somewhat indistinguishable mark is stamped at the tail of the stock flat, opposite the lock. Examiners' marks are a crown over Z and a number. British soldiers were trained to hit a target 6 feet (180 cm) by 2 feet (61 cm) – with a 2 feet (61 cm) diameter bull's eye, counting 2 points – out to 600 yards (550 m). Enfield, World Wars - Military (Other than edged weapons), Confederate Marked & Numbered P-1853 Enfield, Unaltered Whitney Contract US Model 1841 Mississippi Rifle, Rare 20-Shot Lefaucheux "High Capacity" Pin Fire Revolver, Scarce Wolf & Durringer of Louisville Retailer Marked Henry Deringer Pocket Pistol. Some of the very first P’53s made were manufactured at the Robins & Lawrence factory in Windsor, Vermont. “N. Serial numbers may be present on the barrel side, tang or stock. The interior of the lock bears few marks other than the number 42 over the mainspring, along with an S / S. This appears to be a Scott assembly mark, as the mark is present on the barrel as well, and may be on the stock flat, although that mark is not completely legible. Starting at 1 and going to 10,000, then restarting at one over the letter “A”, and after reaching 10,000 / A, starting again over the letter “B”. These were well-established gun making firms that were able to fill the large Sinclair, Hamilton & Company orders in a reasonable period of time. Enfields associated with Confederate service do not bear British martial marks.They do have proof, commercial provisional proof and view marks (above) on barrels. If a collector were to have only one true Confederate imported weapon in their collection, a Confederate marked Enfield would be the perfect addition. To date less than 50 “G” marked P-1853 Enfields of all types are known to have survived, with less than 30 of the engraved number guns being known and less than 20 of the Barnett guns with … All screw heads are in good shape except those on the barrel bands which show some damage. Examiners' marks are a crown over a number with no letter. The ramrod channel is marked with a pair of initials that appear to read F P (Francis Preston possibly”) or might be F F. The barrel of the gun has a mostly smooth smoky gray, salt and pepper patina, with the bottom of the barrel showing a slightly darker, bluer patina. However, more recent examination of extant examples and the other associated marks on those guns has revealed that this was the mark of Francis Preston of Manchester, England. An extensive database comprised of more than two decades of collected information related to Confederate purchased Enfields contains approximately 250 numbered P-1853 Enfield rifle muskets (not counting state purchased guns). The bore of the gun is somewhat dark, with a seasoned appearance and retains strong 3-groove, progressive depth rifling. The original ramrod, which was numbered to the gun, is missing in action. Additional P-1853s were purchased from William Grazebrook of Liverpool, who made his first sales to Confederate purchasing agent Caleb Huse within 30 days of the opening of the war. The new mark was an, and appears as a single strike on most P-1853s it is encountered on, on top of the stock comb, in front of the buttplate tang. In the museum’s “A Nation Asunder” exhibit, there is a .36-cal. Firearms made for sale to non-government agencies in Britain were considered “commercial” sales. The gun is also marked in a variety of locations with the names of “owners”, at least one of which was probably the man who carried the gun during the Civil War. Interestingly “Sinclair Hamilton” marks seem to be confined to arms dated 1861 (1st Sinclair, Hamilton & Company Contract), 1862 (probably 3rd SHC contract) and a very few dated 1863 (end of 3rd or beginning of 4th contract). Undaunted, Huse then set out to secure the services of the Royal Small Arms Factory in Enfield and all of the small arms contractors in the London and Birmingham regions. He turned to the rifle makers in and around the cities of London and Birmingham. S.C. Rob­inson Sharps-type carbine made in Richmond and a .58-cal. It appears to read SCOTT & SON, but may be that of another Birmingham gunmaker. While most of the “long Enfields” during this period were delivered through the port of Wilmington, NC; fueling the Eastern Theater ordnance depot system, the carbines appear to have most arrived through Texas, and were fed into Western Theater depot system. Enfield, These guns also bear a G mark on the obverse buttstock (but of a slightly larger size), and are marked with the CH / 1 inspection stamp in the wood, in front of the buttplate tang, instead of a JS/(ANCHOR). Additional marks are present in the wood behind the triggerguard. The most well known Confederate mark is the, . In addition to the scattered light to moderate surface oxidation, there is some scattered peppering and pinpricking on the metal. The British were looking for additional factories to produce the P’53 during the Crimean War, and the Robins & Lawrence Co. produced thousands of P’53s for British use. The gun is in about, condition, and with the exception of a replaced cone (nipple) is completely untouched, unmolested and uncleaned; right out of the attic. Birmingham Contractors - marked TOWER on the locks. “Tower” often appears on the lockplates of these regionally made guns. Learn More ». Walnut stock is strong with a smooth, uncleaned surface. The sights are graduated to 1000 yds. P’53/1—The first model had screw-clamping barrel bands, a convex-sided backsight, a hammer with a curled tip and a button-topped ramrod with a slight swell. Hammer bears the same gray coloring with the standard engraved marks in the upper right side area under spur. World Wars - Military (Other than edged weapons), Anchor/S Marked Confederate P-1853 Enfield - Untouched, Unaltered Whitney Contract US Model 1841 Mississippi Rifle, Rare 20-Shot Lefaucheux "High Capacity" Pin Fire Revolver, Scarce Wolf & Durringer of Louisville Retailer Marked Henry Deringer Pocket Pistol. The NFM is at NRA Head­quarters in Fairfax, Virginia. He was headed for London, England, and the offices of the London Armoury Company, the makers of the Pattern 1853 Enfield Rifle. “Tower” often appears on the lockplates of these regionally made guns. Liege (Belgium) production marked on the lock with the usual Crown VR and date but no place name. The P-1853 Enfield Rifle Musket offered here is a classic example of a Confederate marked and imported musket that clearly saw use in the field. Examiners marks are crown over L and a number. Standard iron blade front sight. Sepoys in the British East India Company's armies in India were issued with the new rifle in 1857, and rumours were spread that the cartridges (referring here to paper-wrapped powder and projectile, not to metallic cartridges) were greased with beef tallow, pig fat, or a combination of the two – a situation abhorrent to Hindu and Muslim soldiers based on religious beliefs. I believe that it was an S / 2, as found on the barrel and inside the lock of the musket. There is a small grain crack emanating from the rear lock mounting screw, travelling transversely to the barrel channel. Sinclair, Hamilton & Company entered into several contracts with the Confederacy to deliver P-1853 Enfield Rifle Muskets, with the typical contract terms requiring 30,000 arms to be delivered over a six month period. The initials, are stamped at the tail of the stock flat, likely the mark of the “setter up” of the gun. The top of the breech bears an indistinguishable trademark or maker’s logo. The second of these contracts for 30,000 P-1853 “Long Enfields’ is the one represented by the guns with the JS / (ANCHOR) mark, along with the engraved buttplate tang inventory numbers. The original front sight/bayonet lug is present near the muzzle of the musket. It appears that two of those entries are the same man, serving in different Maine regiments. London Armoury Company - marked LACo on the locks. The lock is crisply marked 1863 / TOWER forward of the hammer, and with the usual British Crown to the rear of the hammer. In 1851 they joined forces, working together at 38 Great Lister Street and in 1859 they formed the company Faulkner Brothers. It weighed 8 lbs., 15 ozs. The stock is extremely crisp and sharp throughout and like the metal, shows no signs of having been cleaned in recent memory. Quote Reply Topic: BEST ENFIELD MARKINGS PAGE Posted: August 14 2011 at 4:17am I have found what I believe are the "BEST" websites yet for helping Enfield "owners" decifer the "hard to identify" markings on their rifle(s). It will not have the crown and “VR” cipher or any martial view marks. London Armoury lockplates will be marked only with 1863 and 1864 dates. Thick patches of dirt, old oil and even black powder residue are present over the stock, most heavily on the buttstock. The length of the barrels were unchanged, allowing the weapons to be fired by rank, since a long rifle was necessary to enable the muzzles of the second rank of soldiers to project beyond the faces of the men in front. “Potts & Hunt” is one of the many names that appear on the lockplates of Enfields shipped to the Confederacy. With B-suffix guns (which would have theoretically been delivered later than the no suffix or “A” guns), the lack of extant examples may be an indication of the early successes experienced by the Union’s Atlantic Blockading Squadron. The ramrods and the bayonets for these guns were also engraved with matching inventory numbers. Here is a brief summary of the four distinctive models. A-suffix guns represent about 19% of the recorded examples, while B-suffix guns represent about 7% of surviving examples that are recorded. This marking system coincides with the 2nd Confederate contract with Sinclair, Hamilton & Company for 30,000 P-1853 Enfields. There is no more striking image than that of the ragged Confederate infantryman with a P-1853 Enfield Rifle Musket in his hands, doggedly defending his belief in states rights and defending his boarders from the perceived Northern invasion.

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